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Yoga History & Theory
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Explain the role of Sanskrit as the liturgical, doctrinal, and philosophical language of the Dharma traditions—Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism—and describe how proficiency in Sanskrit provides direct access to classical texts, supports academic research, deepens spiritual practice, and serves as a bridge to the wisdom preserved beyond translation.
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Explain the organization of the Sanskrit alphabet in the Devanāgarī script by identifying its vowels, consonants, and phonetic groupings, and describe the phonological principles, including voiced and unvoiced sounds, aspirated and unaspirated sounds, stops, nasals, semivowels, sibilants, and the aspirate, that reflect Sanskrit's systematic approach to language.
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Explain the purpose of sandhi as the system of phonetic combination rules that governs how Sanskrit sounds change at word and morpheme boundaries by identifying the major categories of external (pada) and internal (prakṛti) sandhi, and describe the phonological principles of vowel coalescence, consonant assimilation, and visarga sandhi that produce the continuous flow of Sanskrit recitation.
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Explain the principles of philology as a scholarly discipline by identifying the core research skills of etymology, inflectional analysis, grammatical annotation, and syntactical analysis, and describe how these skills support the accurate translation and academic interpretation of Sanskrit primary sources.
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Explain the ethical framework for AI engagement and the post-coercive model of education by identifying the principles of critical and reflective AI use, awareness of energy costs, labor dependencies, and the risks of over-reliance, and describe how these concepts promote internally motivated, authentic learning and responsible language study.
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Explain the system of Sanskrit nominal inflection by identifying the eight grammatical cases, their Sanskrit names, English syntactical functions, and associated prepositions, and describe how declension patterns vary across the three genders and the primary stem classes introduced in the DVP, including masculine a-stems, neuter a-stems, and feminine ā-stems.
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Explain the system of Sanskrit verbal inflection by identifying the verbal conjugation paradigms, including the laṭ (present), lṛt (future), and laṅ (imperfect past) tenses, the parasmaipada and ātmanepada conjugation patterns, and describe how the gaṇa system organizes verbal roots into classes that determine stem formation and verb conjugation for accurate recognition and translation.
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Explain the foundational principles of Sanskrit syntax by identifying the role of the case system in permitting flexible word order, the use of relative and co-relative constructions, and the verb as the anchor of the sentence, and describe how these structures differ from English syntax and are translated into clear, idiomatic English.
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Explain the formation of the Sanskrit passive voice (karmaṇi prayoga) by identifying the characteristic -ya- infix, the changes in case relationships between the logical subject and object, and the agreement of the verb with the nominative, and describe how these features affect the interpretation and translation of passive constructions into English.
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Explain the formation and function of Sanskrit non-finite verbal forms by identifying the past passive participle (bhūte kṛdanta), past active participle (ktavatu), gerund (absolutive), imperative (loṭ), and adjectival suffix forms (-ant, -vant, -mant), and describe how their ability to function as verbs, adjectives, and nouns influences Sanskrit syntax and translation into English.
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Explain the role of paradigm memorization in developing Sanskrit reading fluency by identifying the required declension and conjugation paradigms, including assigned noun declension quadrants, three tenses in both verbal voices, and three verbal sūtras, and describe how cumulative memorization and oral recitation build internalized grammatical knowledge for accurate translation and analysis.
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Identify the progression of DVP chapter readings across the eleven lessons, from foundational nominal and verbal forms to advanced non-finite constructions and multi-tense passages, and describe how the written translation rubric categories of timeliness, content accuracy and annotation, format and style, and linguistic mechanics evaluate distinct dimensions of philological competence.
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Identify expectations for in-class translation practice, peer recitation, constructive engagement with feedback, and shared analysis of challenging passages, and describe how live interaction with the professor and peers supports real-time correction, personalized guidance, and deeper learning outcomes beyond self-paced study.
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Explain the proper use of Sanskrit grammatical terminology, IAST diacritics, formatting conventions, and clear written English in annotations and translations, and describe how these standards support precision, consistency, and professional communication within the global Sanskrit studies community.
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Explain the post-coercive education model by identifying how responsibility for learning shifts from external enforcement to the student's internal motivation, trust, and commitment to growth, and describe how the Dharma concepts of tapas (disciplined effort), svādhyāya (self-study), and śraddhā (faith and trust) provide a philosophical foundation for self-directed learning.
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Explain the ethical framework for AI use in academic language learning by identifying concerns related to energy consumption, hidden labor dependencies, social bias, plagiarism, and over-reliance on AI output, and describe how critical and reflective AI use support a balanced approach that integrates AI tools responsibly without rejecting them or relying on them as substitutes for genuine learning.
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Explain the spiritual dimension of Sanskrit study by identifying how language acquisition provides access to the wisdom traditions preserved within the Dharma traditions, and describe how the memorization and oral recitation of Sanskrit paradigms connects practitioners to the ancient tradition of oral transmission (śruti) that preserved sacred texts across generations.
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Explain the principles of scholarly integrity in Sanskrit studies by identifying standards for accurate attribution of grammatical analyses, honest representation of translation challenges, avoidance of plagiarism, and appropriate citation of Sanskrit sources, and describe how independent translation and philological analysis demonstrate the scholarly competencies required for credibility in South Asian Studies.
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Explain the professional value of foundational Sanskrit competency within academic fields such as South Asian Studies, Religious Studies, Yoga Studies, Buddhist Studies, and Jain Studies by identifying how demonstrated translation skills support scholarly credibility, and describe how the ability to produce independent Sanskrit-based research and publications distinguishes scholars who engage primary sources from those who rely solely on secondary materials and existing translations.
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Explain the cumulative structure of the Sanskrit curriculum sequence by identifying how foundational grammatical competencies developed in the first level of study support progression into subsequent coursework, and describe how mastery of essential grammar, including nominal, verbal, and syntactical foundations, provides the necessary framework for continued language acquisition.
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CYT-L3
